ETHICS OF HELPING PROFESSIONS IN RUSSIA: POSITION OF A. MACINTYRE'S, COMMUNITARIAN IDEAS

The author considers the issues of professional culture of representatives of helping professions in Russia from the point of view of the ethics of virtue and communitarianism of A. MаcIntyre. The culture of helping professions has developed differently in Russian society in historical periods: a long way has passed from the humanistic traditions of community assistance to the utilitarian ideas of the financial expediency of helping those in need under a democratic regime. The main emphasis in modern (liberal) ethical thought is on compliance with the rules and principles that are in the regulatory sphere and professional ethical codes. However, with a communitarian approach, actual virtuous actions are at the forefront as a manifestation of both the professional and personal culture of the specialist. This position emphasizes the culture of communities of representatives of the profession as a key resource for the development of new standards of professional ethics. According to the theory considered by A. MаcIntyre, professional morality is manifested in purposeful practices. The result of such a practice systematically expands the concepts of the ideals and goals of professional assistance through the choice of a specialist of his actions in solving ethical dilemmas, as a representative of the professional community. The considered perspective of the classical vision (in the paradigm) of professional morality emphasizes the study of individual and collective as a socio-cultural context for the formation of aid practices as a modern discourse of professional ethics.