GENDER STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH AND TEACHING STAFF OF HIGHER EDUCATION ORGANIZATIONS IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

Currently, higher education plays an important role in the training of highly qualified specialists, the creation of new knowledge, and the introduction of innovations. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the gender structure of scientific and pedagogical personnel in higher educational institutions of various countries. This indicator was the proportion of women in the total number of scientific and pedagogical staff of higher educational institutions. The study used data from the UNESCO Institute of Statistics for 107 countries. Modeling of empirical data was based on the development of the density function of the normal distribution. The results of the computational experiment showed that the proportion of women in the number of scientific and pedagogical staff on average in the countries under consideration was 41,6 %. Women make up more than half of the teaching staff in twenty-four countries. The predominance of men as teachers of higher education institutions was observed in seventy-eight countries. Thus, for the majority of modern national economies, the existence of a gender gap in the structure of the scientific and pedagogical staff of higher education organizations has been proved. The analysis showed that in recent years there has been a tendency for men to prevail among teachers who have been teaching students in higher education programs. The countries with the maximum and minimum values of the indicator under consideration were identified. Using one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), a significant difference was proved for groups of countries in which the maximum and minimum values of the studied indicator were noted. The impact of the territorial location of the countries and the level of income of the population in them on the values of the indicator under consideration was assessed. The proposed methodological approach and the results obtained have scientific novelty, since the assessment of the territorial features of the gender structure of teachers of higher educational institutions has not previously been paid attention in scientific research.