PRINCIPLES OF ANALYSIS AND TYPOLOGY IN THE METHODOLOGY OF ECONOMIC SHOCKS

Currently, a common phenomenon in the economy is a global increase in various fluctuations, which are both cyclical and non-cyclical – shock – in nature. The subject of modern discussions is often the discussion of the short-term impact of shocks and the adequacy of the market mechanism to the challenges created by shocks. Overcoming the consequences of the impact of various shocks on the economy, as well as the formation of its shock resistance, is associated by most authors with increased market flexibility, increased government spending and large-scale money emissions – traditional countercyclical tools. At the same time, today exogenous shocks (technological breakthroughs and restrictions, pandemic, sanctions and embargoes) are the most destructive force, which, being outsiders in relation to the economic system, are not sufficiently sensitive to economic countermeasures. Purpose: supplementing the existing methodology for studying economic shocks with new principles and typology, reflecting their connection with structural changes – the key to shock-resistance of the economy. Methods: analysis of the works of Russian and foreign authors in the field of research, generalization of scientific approaches and critical analysis of theoretical positions. The results represent a typology of economic shocks, structured in terms of a number of principles for their study and specification criteria, which form the author's contribution to the development of the methodology for studying non-cyclical phenomena in the economy. Constructive criticism of the existing approaches made it possible to develop a theoretical proposition about the relationship between economic shocks and the structure of the economy, positive changes in which should form the basis of anti-shock regulation. Conclusions. The existing approaches to the analysis of economic shocks adequately describe their impact on economic cycles and are based on the main achievement of the modern market economy – the flexibility of markets and their regulation. At the same time, the strongest exogenous shocks observed today, the impact of which on the transformational Russian economy can become destructive, actualize the search for structural principles to counteract them, which cannot be implemented both without an appropriate theory and methodology, an important part of which is a structurally determined typology of shocks.