DIALECTICS OF RELATIONS BETWEEN COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND HISTORY: PRO ET CONTRA

The relevance of research. The increased interest in history and collective historical memory at the beginning of the XXI century is associated with the crisis of national identity and the loss of clear ideas about the future. The article is devoted to the problem of the relationship between historical science and memory over the past two centuries, which boils down to solving the question of how history as a scientific discourse and collective ideas about the past, represented in the concept of «collective historical memory», correlate. Paying attention to the «memorial turn» of the second half of the XX century, the article investigated the dynamics of discussions of this problem since the middle of the XX century on the example of the four most influential positions.
The main purpose of this article is to show the main arguments of the participants in the controversy on this issue and to formulate the main positions in its solution (the article identifies four main points of view on the problem under discussion: «the position of sequential transformation of memory from living experience into an archive», «the position of antagonism between memory and history», «the position of memory limitation as a reliable source of historical facts» and «the position of memory integration into history»).
Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the concepts of memory of M. Halbwax, P. Nora, A. Megilla and A. Assman and their comparative analysis.
Conclusions. The features of the relationship between official historical science and the memory of social groups, which suggest the emergence of ideological conflicts, are revealed. History and memory cannot exist independently of each other. They do not move in opposite directions, but are in constant struggle with each other and at the same time inevitably depend on each other. The study of various versions of historical memory by historical science opens up new opportunities for interpreting past events and predicting the future. The way of organizing the relationship between collective historical memory and historical science can be formulated as the principle of complementarity. It is expressed in the fact that memory and history, interacting, can perform their functions only mutually complementing each other in content and functions.