METHODOLOGY OF NON-CLASSICAL AND POST-NON-CLASSICAL STUDIES OF SOCIAL SPACE

Discrepancies in non-classical and post-non-classical interpretations of social space, which is a theoretical and methodological construct, make it difficult to study the processes of structuring and functioning of modern society. The aim of the research is to determine the significance of the methodology used in non-classical and post-non-classical studies of social space. The object is the social space, the subject is the methodology of social space research. The methodological basis of this work: the periodization of science development stages according to V.S. Stepin, characteristics of the periods of science development according to S.A. Lebedev, sociosynergetic and comparative approaches, philosophy of transdisciplinarity. The ideas of P. Bourdieu, G. Simmel, E. Durkheim, P. Sorokin, E. Giddens, and L.A. Belyaeva were analyzed from a methodological point of view. The predominance of classical methodology in the works of E. Durkheim, non-classical research methodology in the works of E. Giddens, G. Simmel, and post-non-classical methodology in the studies of P. Bourdieu and L.A. Belyaeva were revealed. The main ideas of researchers are revealed using such concepts as territory, social space structure, social interactions, distances, differentiation, mobility, hierarchy, stratification, dynamics, circles (fields), subspaces, practices, capitals, status. The author has drawn conclusions on the conditionality of disciplinary interpretations of the scientific methodology used by the authors, on the conduct of modern research of social space on the basis of disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches, which makes it difficult to understand it. As a perspective, the author first proposed the idea of using an alternative-transdisciplinary methodology for studying social space, developed on the basis of the coordinate system of R. Descartes. The use of this methodology allows us to conduct research on parameters – static and dynamic, inherent in all systems. At the same time, it has the advantage of being able to combine disparate knowledge into a single conceptual system.